Global and transnational sociology is the study of social structures and processes that transcend or go beyond the national level.

The field covers a wide range of social, political, economic, and cultural phenomena. Some are transnational by definition, such as international organizations and associations, economic globalization, global production systems and value chains, and the cross-national diffusion of norms and culture such as human and minority rights. Others may be strongly rooted at the national level, but nonetheless have important transnational dimensions, such as inequality, social movements, migration, environmental problems and movements, public opinion, religion, sports, and communications.